Engineering and Technology
Chemical reaction engineering is a specialty in chemical engineering or industrial chemistry dealing with chemical reactors. Frequently the term relates speci cally to catalytic reaction systems where either a homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst is present in the reactor. Sometimes a reactor per se is not present by itself, but rather is integrated into a process, for example in reactive separations vessels, retorts, certain fuel cells, and photocatalytic surfaces. The issue of solvent e ects on reaction kinetics is also considered as an integral part. In the modern chemical industry the aim is to achieve high-quality products and minimize unwanted by-products. Selectivity in the reactor is particularly important in processes in which by-products cause environmental problems. In processes where very high purity is required for legislative reasons, such as in the pharmaceutical industry, the cost of puri cation becomes important and reactor performance is of vital signi cance.