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The electromagnetic theory is a united theory of electromagnetism established by James Clerk Maxwell. This theory primarily discusses the relationships between electric eld and magnetic eld based from previous observations and experiments related to electricity, magnetism and optics combined. The history of electromagnetic theory begins with ancient measures to understand atmospheric electricity, in particular lightning. People then had little understanding of electricity, and were unable to explain the phenomena. Scienti c understanding into the nature of electricity grew throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries through the work of researchers such as Ampère, Coulomb, Faraday and Maxwell. In the 19th century it had become clear that electricity and magnetism were related, and their theories were uni ed: wherever charges are in motion electric current results, and magnetism is due to electric current. The source for electric eld is electric charge, whereas that for magnetic eld is electric current.
